Unravelling the Intricacies of Post-Surgical Cardiovascular Emergencies-A Comprehensive Analysis

Editorial Letter

Unravelling the Intricacies of Post-Surgical Cardiovascular Emergencies-A Comprehensive Analysis

Vismit Munesh Gami ¹
Jugal Shah ²
Prutha Jadav ³
Rutu Brahmbhatt ³
Viajkhora Muhammed Abdul Rashid ³
Abdul Rashid ³
Krutarth Chuahan ³
Chirag Adhyaru ³
Deep Mehta ³
Dev Desai ^3*

1NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

2Department of Medicine AMC MET Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

3Department of Surgery NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

*Corresponding Author: Dev Desai,NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Citation: Vismit M.G, Jugal S, Prutha J, Rutu B, Viajkhora M. A. Rashid, et al. (2023). Unravelling the Intricacies of Post-Surgical Cardiovascular Emergencies - A Comprehensive Analysis. Journal of Surgical Case Reports and Reviews. BRS Publishers. 2(2); DOI: 10.59657/2993-1126.brs.23.014

Copyright: © 2023 Dev Desai, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: July 03, 2023 | Accepted: July 21, 2023 | Published: July 26, 2023

Abstract

Surgical procedures carry inherent risks, and one of the most critical complications that can arise is cardiovascular system emergencies. Patients with severe comorbidities should be referred to a relevant specialist to quantify the risk and to take appropriate measures to minimize operative morbidity. Surgery cannot be risk-free, but risk must be known so that patients can make an informed decision. By understanding the intricacies associated with these complications, healthcare professionals can enhance patient post-operative care and improve surgical outcomes. The aim of post-operative care is to provide the patient with as quick, painless, and safe recovery from the surgery as possible.

Keywords: post-surgical; anesthesia; surgery

Editorial

Cardiac complications following surgery can pose significant risks to patients and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. These complications can arise due to various factors, including the patient's pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, the nature of the surgical procedure, and perioperative events [1,2]. There are various types of CVS complications like Hypotension, Myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, Cardiogenic shock, heart failure etc [3]. Hypotension in the immediate post-operative period is more likely due to inadequate fluid replacement, subarachnoid or epidural anesthesia leading to vasodilation, surgical bleeding, cardiac failure, pleural effusion, anaphylaxis, Myocardial infarction, rewarming of patients etc [4]. Patients with hypotension have signs like cold clammy skin in extremities first with tachycardia and low urine output of <0>

Prevention of such Cardiovascular complications is very important and this includes

Preoperative evaluation of the patient's cardiac status before surgery helps identify those at high risk. Optimization of pre-existing conditions, such as coronary artery disease or heart failure, through medication and other interventions, can minimize the risk of complications [8]. Selecting appropriate anesthetic agents, monitoring hemodynamic parameters closely, and maintaining adequate blood pressure and oxygenation during surgery can reduce the incidence of cardiac complications. Strict adherence to surgical protocols, including minimizing blood loss, maintaining fluid balance, and preventing infections, is crucial. Early detection and prompt management of perioperative events, such as hypotension or electrolyte imbalances, are essential to prevent cardiac complications. Continuous cardiac monitoring in the immediate postoperative period helps identify any early signs of complications. Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and cardiac enzyme-like serum troponin tests may be performed as necessary. If a cardiac complication arises, prompt intervention is vital. Treatment strategies may include the administration of medications, such as antiplatelets or anticoagulants for MI, rhythm control for arrhythmias, and in severe cases, surgical intervention or mechanical circulatory support. In summary, post-surgical complications involving the cardiovascular system can have severe consequences and require prompt identification and intervention. By understanding the types, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic interventions, prevention methods, and management modalities related to cardiovascular emergencies, healthcare professionals can optimize patient care and improve surgical outcomes. Through continued research and advancements in perioperative management, it is hoped that the incidence and impact of these complications can be further reduced, enhancing patient safety and well-being.

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