Retinal Vein Occlusion by Intracameral Lidocaine Drop Containing Graphene Can Be Revasculized by Nacl + Kcl Injection After Cataract Surgery, And Normalized Coagulation System Disorders

Case Report

Retinal Vein Occlusion by Intracameral Lidocaine Drop Containing Graphene Can Be Revasculized by Nacl + Kcl Injection After Cataract Surgery, And Normalized Coagulation System Disorders

Chur Chin

Department of Emergency Medicine, New life Hospital Bokhyun-dong, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea.

*Corresponding Author: Chur Chin,Department of Emergency Medicine, New life Hospital Bokhyun-dong, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea.

Citation: : Chin C. (2024). Retinal Vein Occlusion by Intracameral Lidocaine Drop Containing Graphene Can Be Revasculized by Nacl + Kcl Injection After Cataract Surgery, And Normalized Coagulation System Disorders, International Journal of Medical Case Reports and Reviews, BioRes Scientia Publishers. 3(1):1-2. DOI: 10.59657/2837-8172.brs.24.038

Copyright: © 2024 Chur Chin, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: January 15, 2024 | Accepted: February 01, 2024 | Published: February 09, 2024

Abstract

A 55-year-old man who had blurred vision due to cataract of both eyes, were performed standard phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation 1 years ago. During the operation, after 1 or 2 drops of topical lidocaine hydrochloride 1% (Xylocaine®-MPF 1%) were applied to the ocular surface, a 1.0 mm side-port incision was created through which Xylocaine-MPF 1% injected into the anterior chamber.

Keywords: renal;surgery;disordres

Description

On the follow-up examination opthalmology clinic, the cataract surgery, a dilated and tortuous retinal vessels involving the right eye. Upon examination was 20/20 in both normal colour vision and no relative afferent pupillary defect. Dilated fundus examination showed a superior nasal BRVO in the right eye. Laboratory tests including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c, international normalized ratio/partial thromboplastin time, homocysteine, anti-cardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant, factor V Leiden were all normal. The patient had no medical comorbidities, and was not taking any medication. Hematology consultation did not uncover any additional risk factors. The intravenous infusion of a solution consisting of 250 mL normal saline with potassium chloride (KCl) over 6 h, vitamin C intake resulted in recovery of the fundus exam findings (1-6). RVO which includes BRVO is the second most common vision-threatening retinal vascular disorder (7). We postulate that an immunological response evoked by the graphene in the lidocaine, venous thrombosis in patient. The pathogenesis may involve microvascular alternations at the level of the retina.

Normal left eye

Lidocaineeyedropofsurgery side

Revasculization after NaCl + KCl injection

Figure 1: Colour eye temporal branch retinal vein occlusion demonstrating venous dilation and tortuosity. The findings were normalized after NaCl + KCl injection.

A 59-year-old man with right basal ganglia infarct to our hospital with a history of left extremity weakness, vital signs: blood pressure 140 (systolic) / 83 (diastolic), heart rate 74, platelet count of 374000/cmm, Asparagine aminotransferase (AST) 28 IU/l, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 32 IU/l, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 12.7 mg/dl, Creatinine (Cr) 1.05 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 48 mm in the first hour using Westergren method, C-reactive protein (CRP) 0.29 mg/dl, thrombin time (PT) 19.4 second, prothrombin time (PTT) 25.5 second, international normalized ratio (INR) 1.94. The intravenous infusion of a solution consisting of 250 mL normal saline with potassium chloride (KCl) over 6 h, vitamin C intake resulted in recovery of PT 13.5 second, PTT 28.9 second, INR 1.29. Circulating anticoagulants are usually autoantibodies that “attack” specific clotting factors, such as an autoantibody against factor V, or inhibit phospholipid bound proteins. Patients may develop lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia or antiphospholipid syndrome. Occasionally, the latter type of autoantibody causes bleeding by binding to prothrombin–phospholipid complexes. Such antibodies may develop due to autoimmune disease or be graphene-induced (8). Protein C, a vitamin K-dependent protease presented in low levels in human plasma, inhibiting thrombin production and coagulation. The functions of protein C, inflammation and cytoprotection, protein S, a cofactor to activate protein C in the cleavage of Va. C and S, inherited and acquired,autosomal recessive inheritance.

Table 1: Normalization of thrombin time (PT) prolongation of thse similar cases after NaCl + KCl injection.

Laboratory data	Case 1. initial	Case 1. after NaCl +KCl	Case 2. initial	Case 2. After NaCl +KCl	Case 3. initial	Case 3. after NaCl +KCl
PT	15.4	14.9	15.5	15	15.1	13.1
INR	1.49	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.46	1.24
PTT	26	26.7	25.4	26.7	28.4	25.4
BUN	21.6	13.9	15.9	17.3	13.9	13.9
Cr	1.44	0.6	0.94	0.65	0.74	0.6
AST	33	30	38	17	21	29
ALT	35	22	11	11	20	24

References

Chin C. (2023). Comparison of 50 Cases of the Anti-Cancer Effects of NaCl with KCl as a Potent Graphene Exfoliator, Prehydrated Patients to NaCl-Only Prehydrated Patients on the Terminal Stage Cancer Patients. Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, 12:425-431.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Chin C. (2023). Changes in electrocardiogram after intramuscular injection of graphene using salt- intercalation exfoliation. J ClinExp Cardiol, 14(5):1-15.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Chin C. (2023). The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of NaCl with KCl as a Potent Graphene Exfoliator in a Patient with Guillaine-Barré Syndrome and Facial Nerve Palsy. Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, 12:447-451.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Chin C. (2023). Improvement of renal functions, graphene-induced rapid progression of prediabetes in an elderly woman with arthritis by graphene-exfoliator NaCl with KCl solution, 3 cases. Journal of Clinical image and medical case report, 4.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Chin C. (2023). Improvement of graphene induced pulmonary edema by graphene exfoliator NaCl with KCl solution. Journal of Clinical image and medical case report, 4.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Chin C. (2023). The anti-inflammatory effects of NaCl with KCl as a potent graphene exfoliator in a patient with interstitial pneumonia by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Journal of Clinical image and medical case report, 4.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Tripodi, A. Mancuso, M.E. Chantarangkul, V. Clerici, M. Bader, R.;Meroni, P.L. Santagostino, E. Mannucci, P.M. (2005). Lupus anticoagulants and their relationship with the inhibitors against coagulation factor VIII: Considerations on the differentiation between the 2 circulating anticoagulants. Clin. Chem, 51:1883-1885.
Publisher | Google Scholor

Delia Teresa Sponza

"Journal of BioMed Research and Reports has created a diverse portfolio in peer review process and provides a wide range scientific and medical novel papers to the scientists. This journal publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed content across all levels of professional development and corporate research and development."

Fatema Tashrifwala

I would like to thank the editorial team for their timely responses and consideration in the publication of my paper. They have been very helpful and accommodating, Lastly, being an open access journal, the published work is freely available and accessible to readers at no cost to them. I would encourage other authors to publish their research in BioRes Scientia. I am happy to be a part of BioRes Scientia Publishers.

Dr Nikhil Vitthal Dayama

I would like to thank the editorial team for their timely and prompt responses and consideration in the publication of my case report. Being an open access journal, it will be great help for the readers to learn the new things without any cost. I would encourage the authors to publish their research in BioRes Scientia and I am happy to be part of this journal.

Boubacar Ahy Diatta

I warmly thank the editorial team for the excellent work they do for continuing medical education in Dermatology. I was able to discover with joy their professionalist, their support and above all appreciate their social generosity on the access to the magazines which is free. This allows an update of scientific knowledge to the entire scientific community. I gladly recommend authors for publication in this journal.

Professor Rajko Igic

The editor of JBRR helped me during the whole process, mainly to eliminate some typographical and other errors. It hastened this publication to be published quickly. Although it is a short text, I believe that the content is important for all medical and other scientific disciplines because eventual addition of the iC citations to citation of the paper would lead to proper assessment of the author's contribution.

Dr Tewodros kassahun Tarekegn

I am thrilled to have had the opportunity to publish my research article in this prestigious journal. The entire process of peer review and publication support provided by the editorial office was exceptional, and it fortified my belief in the quality of my research study. The rigorous peer review process ensured that only the highest quality research was published, and the feedback from the reviewers was extremely helpful. I appreciate the journal's commitment to open access publication, enabling my research to reach a wider audience. The easy-to-use online platform streamlined the submission, peer review, and publication process, and I would confidently recommend this journal to any author looking for efficient, rigorous, and high-quality peer-reviewed publication.

Francis Okello Ooko

I was impressed by your author-centred approach whereby you maintained constant and timely communication with us from the time we submitted the manuscript to acceptance, each time providing critical suggestions to improve the manuscript. In addition, we are encouraged by the thoroughness of your editorial team in checking the originality and overall, quality of the work. Which I believe is very encouraging to other researchers and authors who wish to publish their work in your journals. The published work and the information imparted is freely available and accessible to a wide spectrum of readers at no cost to them. I would encourage other authors to publish their research in BioRes Scientia. I am happy to be a part of BioRes Scientia Publishers.

Dr Nidhi Sapolia

I would like to thank the editorial team of their timely response and guidance in the publication of my case report. They have been extremely helpful at all stages. Being an open access journal, it is of great help for the readers to learn new experiences in different fields, I would highly recommend this journal to authors for high quality peer-reviewed publications.

Dwight L Mckee MD CNS ABIHM

I am very impressed by the high quality of the papers published by the International Journal of Clinical and Molecular Oncology. The editors of this journal are a pleasure to work with, as they are highly responsive even to numerous last minute changes in the manuscript that I recently published with them, and the changes are made on-line the same day they are received. I highly recommend this journal to anyone working in the oncology field, and also value it as a source of cutting edge information in the field.

Kyaw Swar Thet

I would like to thank the editorial team for the opportunity to publish our case report in this prestigious journal. I am very impressed by their timely and efficient handling of the submission, peer review, and publication processes. As residents of a developing, low-income country, we greatly appreciate the discount on submission charges. I hope that as an open access journal, it will facilitate easy access for readers to update their scientific knowledge. I highly recommend this journal for high-quality, peer-reviewed publications. I express my sincere gratitude to the editorial team for their excellent work.