Patterns Of Vitamins and Glycated Hemoglobin Level in People Living with Hepatitis

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. The purpose of this study was to assess the glycated hemoglobin and vitamin C and E levels in Hepatitis patients. 

100 healthy, normal people served as the control group in this study, while 100 hepatitis sufferers served as test group all within the age of 15 to 30 years. The observed results demonstrated a considerable depletion of vitamins C and E in hepatitis patients as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.05). Similarly, glycated hemoglobin levels were lower in hepatitis patients compared to normal healthy controls (P<0.05). This suggests that vitamin deficiency may play a significant role in hepatitis. Therefore, giving hepatitis sufferers vitamin supplements can be beneficial to them.

The inflammation of the liver is known as hepatitis. A viral infection, alcohol use, a number of medical disorders, or even certain drugs could be the culprit. The sort and underlying cause determine the course of treatment [1]. Hepatitis comes in various forms, each with its own unique cause: The most prevalent kind of hepatitis is viral. One of the hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E is the cause of it. It's true that A, B, and C are the most typical. Heavy alcohol use is the cause of alcoholic hepatitis. Certain substances, medications, supplements, and poisons can all result in toxic hepatitis. A chronic form of hepatitis called autoimmune hepatitis occurs when your body's immune system targets your liver. Although the exact cause is unknown, your environment and genetics may be involved [2].

Hepatitis A and E are typically contracted by coming into contact with food or water tainted by the excrement of an infected person [3]. Additionally, eating undercooked pig, deer, or seafood can expose you to hepatitis E. Hepatitis B, C, and D can be transmitted by coming into touch with an infected person's blood. It is also possible for hepatitis B and D to spread through bodily fluid contact. Numerous things can lead to this, including sharing drug needles or engaging in unprotected intercourse [4]. Fever, exhaustion, loss of appetite, nausea and/or vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, bowel movements that resemble clay, joint pain, jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, are a few possible symptoms [5]. Complications from chronic hepatitis might include liver failure, cirrhosis (liver scarring), Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis may prevent these complications.

Numerous pathophysiological circumstances, such as dehydration, hypoxia, infection, and low vitamin levels, have been linked to hepatitis's abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species, according to studies [6,7,8]. Vitamins are organic substances found in trace amounts in natural foods. They are vital for health and cause distinctive abnormalities when they are either absent from the diet or present in insufficient amounts because they interfere with specific biochemical and metabolic processes [9]. They fulfill the requirements for cellular differentiation, development, and maintenance of regular function. Vitamins are divided into two categories: water soluble vitamins, such as vitamin B complex and vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A (retinol), vitamin D (calciferol), vitamin E (a-tocopherol), and vitamin K (2 methyl 1, 4-naphtoquinone) [10].        Nevertheless, little is known about the role that vitamins and glycated hemoglobin may have in hepatitis.

Subjects: For the study, 200 participants between the ages of 15 and 30 were chosen: 100 were hepatitis patients and 100 were healthy controls. All metabolic illness patients were not accepted. Both their consent and ethical approval from the hospital's ethical committee were acquired.

Blood Collection: Four milliliters of fasting veinous blood were drawn from each patient and placed in an EDTA-filled vial. The whole blood was centrifuged at 5,000g for five minutes in a Westerfuge (model 684) centrifuge in order to separate the serum.

Biochemical Assay: Using the 2,4-dinitrophnyl hydrazine technique as reported by [11], plasma vitamin C was measured. Utilizing this method [12], vitamin E reduced ferric to ferrous ions, which subsequently formed a crimson complex with α-dipyridyl. The method of [13], which involves continually mixing a weak binding cation-exchange resin with a hemolyzed sample of whole blood, was used to determine glycated hemoglobin. The resin attaches to the glycated hemoglobin.

The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and the significance threshold at p less then 0.05 was determined using the student t-test.

*Significantly different from control at P less than 0.05

The inflammation of the liver caused by a number of viral and noninfectious factors is known as hepatitis. Parasites and viruses are examples of infectious agents that can cause hepatitis. Toxic substances and several medications are examples of non-infectious causes. Hepatitis can occasionally be caused by an autoimmune response to the body's liver cells. In this investigation, it was found that, in comparison to the control, vitamin C and E were deficient in hepatitis. 

This is consistent with [14]'s research. The antioxidant defense system is significantly influenced by vitamins. Water-soluble vitamin C may play a preventive function against oxidative membrane damage [15,16,17].

Since oxidative stress may actually be associated with hepatitis [18, 19], more vitamin C and E are needed to neutralize reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, low vitamin levels might cause dehydration, which raises oxidative stress levels. 

In a similar line, glycated hemoglobin levels in hepatitis were considerably lower than in the control group. This is consistent with the findings of [20], who found that Niger hepatitis patients had lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. 

This suggests that their risk of developing diabetes may be low. Thus, to boost their health, hepatitis patients should take supplements of vitamins through food, fruits, or medications.