A Case Report of a Sternal Plasmocytoma

Short Report

A Case Report of a Sternal Plasmocytoma

Nada Adjou ^1*
Hatim Essaber ²
Fatma EL Mabrouk ³
Abdelilah El Barrichi ⁴
Jesse Omor ⁵
Rachida Latib ⁶
Sanae Amalik ⁷
Fouad Kettani ⁸

Radiology department of the national institute of Oncology of Rabat (INO), Morocco.

*Corresponding Author: Nada Adjou, Radiology department of the national institute of Oncology of Rabat (INO), Morocco.

Citation: Adjou N, Essaber H, Mabrouk F.E, Barrichi A.E, Omor Y, et al. (2024). A Case Report of a Sternal Plasmocytoma. Journal of Radiology Research & Imaging, BioRes Scientia Publishers. 1(1):1-2. DOI: 10.59657/jrri.brs.24.004

Copyright: © 2024 Nada Adjou, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: May 21, 2024 | Accepted: June 12, 2024 | Published: June 19, 2024

Abstract

A Case Report of a Sternal Plasmocytoma

Keywords: Plasmocytoma

Introduction

Our patient was 55 years old, with no particularly medical history, who consults in our training center for a sternal swelling and a progressive chest pain. A thoracic injected CT-scan was performed (Figure 1 and 2).

Figure 1: Axial section of an injected CT-scan, focused on the sternal mass

Figure 2: Sagittal cut of an injected CT-scan, focused on the sternal mass.

Figure 3:Anatomopathology results of the biopsy of the sternal mass (enlargement x500um (a) et x 100 (b)

Where we can see a sternal osteolytic mass (manubrial and corporal), rupturing the cortex with a multi-lamellar periosteal reaction. Extension to the soft tissue is clearly visible, with infiltration of the pectoralis major and minor and external intercostal muscles, and a heterogeneous, swollen appearance of the intentional fibers of the sternocleidomastoid muscles. This mass also extends to the anterior mediastinal fat posteriorly (as seen in Figure 1).

Discussion

Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare plasmacytic tumor [1]. It embraces two distinct entities related to tumor location / either bone (solitary plasmacytoma in bone) or soft tissue (solitary plasmacytoma extra medullary) [2]. Solitary bone plasmacytoma is characterized by a single lesion most often affecting the axial skeleton, mainly the vertebrae [3]. The diagnosis is based on histological confirmation of plasma cell proliferation, absence of bone marrow dissemination, uniqueness of the lesion, and absence of anemia, hypercalcemia or renal involvement suggesting a diagnosis of diffuse myeloma [4-5]. Solitary bone plasmacytoma can affect all bones: the most common location is the dorsolumbar spine en 30 to 40% of the cases, and long bones are affected en 20 to 40% of the cases [3-7-11]. Sternal involvement remains rare. The CT-Scan shows a lytic lesion that takes up contrast intensely and homogeneously; it allows a better study of the local extension and look for possible infra-radiological bone localizations [6-11]. Due to the non-specificity of radiological images, the diagnosis is based on anatomopathological study of the surgical specimen or CT-guided trans parietal biopsies, showing sheet-like plasma cell proliferation with dysmorphic plasma cells with nuclear abnormalities and normal cytoplasm [8-9]. To discard the diagnosis of diffuse myeloma metastasis, a complete workup is required, including bone marrow biopsy, bone scan with skeletal X-Rays (especially of the spine, pelvis and skull) and serum and urine protein immunoelectrophoretic, which can reveal abnormal monoclonal protein secretion in half of solitary plasmacytomas [6-9-11]. Radiotherapy is the gold standard for the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma of the bone, either alone or in conjunction with surgery. It achieves a local control rate of over 90%, with excellent tolerability and rapid, long-lasting analgesic action [10]. The prognosis of PSO is mainly favorable, with an average survival of over ten years [11], but the risk of progression to multiple myeloma is estimated at 31 to 75

Conclusion

Although rare, solitary sternal plasmacytoma should be considered in the presence of any lytic sternal mass. Treatment is essentially based on radiotherapy with or without surgery. Its prognosis is conditioned by progression to multiple myeloma, which justifies rigorous and regular monitoring

References

Knowling MA, Harwood AR, Bergsagel DE. (1983). Comparison of extramedullary plasmocytomas with solitary and multiple plasma cell tumors of bone. J Clin Oncol, 1:255-26.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Galieni P, Cavo M, Avvisati G et al. (1995). Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma : two different entities? Ann Oncol, 6:687-691.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Kochbati L, Kédidi Ben Romdhane N, Mrad K, Nasr C, et al. (2004). Plasmocytome solitaire osseux : aspects thérapeutiques et évolutifs. Cancer/Radiothérapie, 8(2):70-74.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Dimopoulos MA, Moulopoulos LA, Maniatis A, Alexanian R. (2000). Solitary plasmocytoma of bone and asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Blood, 96:2037-2044.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Bousnina S, Zendah I, Marniche K, Yalaoui S, El Mezni F, Meghdiche ML, et al. (2006). Plasmocytome solitaire à localisation costale : une tumeur rare à ne pas méconnaitre. Rev Pneumol Clin, 62:243-246.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Kadokura M, Tanio N, Nonaka M, Yamamoto S, Kataoka D, Kushima M, et al. (2000). A surgical case of solitary plasmocytoma of rib origin with biclonal gammopathy. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 30:191-195.
Publisher | Google Scholor
El Abdi B, Arkha Y, Jroundi L, Mouhsine A, Chami I, Boujida N, et al. (2006). Quel est votre diagnostic ? J Radiol, 87:981-983.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Étienne G, Grenouillet M, Ghiringhelli C, Vatan R, Lazaro E, Germain P, et al. (2004). Plasmocytome pulmonaire : à propos de deux nouvelles observations et revue de la littérature. Rev Med Intern, 25:591-595.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Bencheikh R, Benhammou A, Rabeh G, Benbouzid MA, Boulaich M, Essakali L, et al. (2007). Plasmocytoma solitaire osseux de la mandibule. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac, 108:135-138.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Tong D, Griffin TW, Laramore GE, Kurtz JM, Russell AH, Groudine MT, et al. (1980). Solitary plasmocytoma of bone and softs tissus. Radiology, 135:195-198.
Publisher | Google Scholor
Sato Y, Hara M, Ogino H, Kaji M, Yamakawa Y, Wakita A, et al. (2001). CT-pathologic correlation in a case of solitary plasmocytoma of the rib. Radiat Med, 19:303-305.
Publisher | Google Scholor

Delia Teresa Sponza

"Journal of BioMed Research and Reports has created a diverse portfolio in peer review process and provides a wide range scientific and medical novel papers to the scientists. This journal publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed content across all levels of professional development and corporate research and development."

Fatema Tashrifwala

I would like to thank the editorial team for their timely responses and consideration in the publication of my paper. They have been very helpful and accommodating, Lastly, being an open access journal, the published work is freely available and accessible to readers at no cost to them. I would encourage other authors to publish their research in BioRes Scientia. I am happy to be a part of BioRes Scientia Publishers.

Dr Nikhil Vitthal Dayama

I would like to thank the editorial team for their timely and prompt responses and consideration in the publication of my case report. Being an open access journal, it will be great help for the readers to learn the new things without any cost. I would encourage the authors to publish their research in BioRes Scientia and I am happy to be part of this journal.

Boubacar Ahy Diatta

I warmly thank the editorial team for the excellent work they do for continuing medical education in Dermatology. I was able to discover with joy their professionalist, their support and above all appreciate their social generosity on the access to the magazines which is free. This allows an update of scientific knowledge to the entire scientific community. I gladly recommend authors for publication in this journal.

Professor Rajko Igic

The editor of JBRR helped me during the whole process, mainly to eliminate some typographical and other errors. It hastened this publication to be published quickly. Although it is a short text, I believe that the content is important for all medical and other scientific disciplines because eventual addition of the iC citations to citation of the paper would lead to proper assessment of the author's contribution.

Dr Tewodros kassahun Tarekegn

I am thrilled to have had the opportunity to publish my research article in this prestigious journal. The entire process of peer review and publication support provided by the editorial office was exceptional, and it fortified my belief in the quality of my research study. The rigorous peer review process ensured that only the highest quality research was published, and the feedback from the reviewers was extremely helpful. I appreciate the journal's commitment to open access publication, enabling my research to reach a wider audience. The easy-to-use online platform streamlined the submission, peer review, and publication process, and I would confidently recommend this journal to any author looking for efficient, rigorous, and high-quality peer-reviewed publication.

Francis Okello Ooko

I was impressed by your author-centred approach whereby you maintained constant and timely communication with us from the time we submitted the manuscript to acceptance, each time providing critical suggestions to improve the manuscript. In addition, we are encouraged by the thoroughness of your editorial team in checking the originality and overall, quality of the work. Which I believe is very encouraging to other researchers and authors who wish to publish their work in your journals. The published work and the information imparted is freely available and accessible to a wide spectrum of readers at no cost to them. I would encourage other authors to publish their research in BioRes Scientia. I am happy to be a part of BioRes Scientia Publishers.

Dr Nidhi Sapolia

I would like to thank the editorial team of their timely response and guidance in the publication of my case report. They have been extremely helpful at all stages. Being an open access journal, it is of great help for the readers to learn new experiences in different fields, I would highly recommend this journal to authors for high quality peer-reviewed publications.

Dwight L Mckee MD CNS ABIHM

I am very impressed by the high quality of the papers published by the International Journal of Clinical and Molecular Oncology. The editors of this journal are a pleasure to work with, as they are highly responsive even to numerous last minute changes in the manuscript that I recently published with them, and the changes are made on-line the same day they are received. I highly recommend this journal to anyone working in the oncology field, and also value it as a source of cutting edge information in the field.

Kyaw Swar Thet

I would like to thank the editorial team for the opportunity to publish our case report in this prestigious journal. I am very impressed by their timely and efficient handling of the submission, peer review, and publication processes. As residents of a developing, low-income country, we greatly appreciate the discount on submission charges. I hope that as an open access journal, it will facilitate easy access for readers to update their scientific knowledge. I highly recommend this journal for high-quality, peer-reviewed publications. I express my sincere gratitude to the editorial team for their excellent work.

Michel Farah

I would like to thank the editorial team for their quick response and support. The publication support and editorial office were excellent and very helpful. I am happy to have my research article published in this prestigious journal. Our previous case report published in this journal was very successful and viewed by many physicians worldwide.